How to Avoid Cybersecurity Risks in Smart Buildings

Smart buildings have interconnected systems that can all be accessed through the Internet so property managers can operate lighting, HVAC, and other controls via the cloud. While this helps streamline operations and improve energy efficiency, it can open up a new vulnerability to commercial buildings. Intelligent buildings are a common target for cybercriminals to exploit. In order to maintain cybersecurity, building operators must follow certain protocols and be aware of threats to keep their property safe.

Common Cybersecurity Threats in Smart Buildings

Weak Authentication Measures

Many smart buildings use inadequate authentication protocols, such as shared admin credentials, weak passwords, and a lack of password refresh policies. This opens the door for unauthorized access. Strengthening authentication with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and Single Sign-On (SSO) can greatly enhance security.

Lack of Network Segmentation

In many smart building networks, attackers can easily move laterally to infiltrate other connected systems once a single device is compromised. This is often due to outdated Layer 2 VLAN configurations. Implementing micro-segmentation and adopting Layer 3 network architecture can isolate devices, preventing widespread access in case of a breach.

Unpatched Systems

Smart building technologies are often left unpatched due to the “if it isn’t broken, don’t fix it” mentality. However, attackers actively seek out these vulnerabilities. Regular patch management, timely updates, and validation are crucial to prevent exploitation.

Lack of End-to-End Encryption

Smart buildings collect and transmit a vast amount of sensitive data, which, if unencrypted, can be intercepted during transmission or at rest. Without end-to-end encryption (E2EE), data is vulnerable to unauthorized access and tampering, putting both company and tenant information at risk.

Inadequate Incident Response Plans

Even with robust security measures in place, cyber incidents can still occur. Many smart buildings lack a clear, actionable incident response plan, making it difficult to manage breaches effectively. A comprehensive response plan is essential to mitigate damage and prevent future incidents.

Smart Building Safety Measures to Prevent Cyber Risks

Regular Software Updates and Patch Management

Ensuring that all smart building systems receive timely updates is crucial. Automated patch management solutions can help streamline this process, reducing the risk of unpatched vulnerabilities.

Strong Network Security Practices

• Implement micro-segmentation to limit unauthorized lateral movement.
• Eliminate outdated Layer 2 VLANs and opt for Layer 3 infrastructure.
• Use advanced firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor traffic.

Enhancing Authentication and Access Control

• Enforce MFA for all users.
• Restrict access based on roles using RBAC.
• Deploy federated identity management for unified authentication across systems.

Implementing Robust Encryption Standards

• Use E2EE to protect data at rest and in transit.
• Secure communication channels with VPNs and TLS encryption.
• Regularly audit encryption policies to meet evolving security standards.

Developing and Testing Incident Response Plans

• Establish a clear framework for identifying, reporting, and containing threats.
• Train security personnel and building operators on response procedures.
• Conduct regular penetration testing and cybersecurity drills.

Conclusion

As technology evolves, property managers need to stay on top of cybersecurity precautions to defend their systems against hackers and cybercriminals. This can include updating infrastructure, keeping firewalls in place, and educating employees on phishing schemes and password protection. This can keep your property safe against any vulnerabilities.

Click here to read the full article, originally published September 24, 2024, by Buildings.com.